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GNDU QUESTION PAPERS 2021
BA/BSc 6
th
SEMESTER
ENGLISH (Elecve)
(Modern English Novel)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Aempt Five quesons in all, selecng at least One queson from each secon. The
Fih queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks.
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) The Romanc Revival
(b) The Poets of the First World War
(c) Style
(d) Write a detailed note on the Metaphysical School of Poets.
2. (a) Write a detailed note on the Poets of the Second World War.
(b) Write a short note on the Oava Rima.
(c) Write a short note on Post-modernism.
(d) Write a short note on the Classical Movement.
3. (a) Trace the origin of the English Drama.
(b) Autobiography
(c) Biography
(d) Shakespeare's English Historical Plays
4.(a) Write a detailed note on Shakespearean Comedy.
(b) Write a short note on Shakespeare's Roman Plays.
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(c) Write a short note on Shakespeare's Tragedy
(d) Write a short note on Shakespearean Romance
5. (a) How far is it correct to say that the novel So Many Hungers deals with the issue of
man's inhumanity to man?
(b) Show your acquaintance with Raboul
(c) Write a character sketch of Monju
(d) Comment on the ending of the novel
6. (a) Comment on the role of Abla Bandhu in So Many Hungers.
(b) Draw a character sketch of Devata in So Many Hungers.
(c) Discuss the character of Kajoli's mother.
(d) How does the novelist account for the famine in Bengal.
7. (a) How far is it possible to regard the Whiskey Priest a martyr and saint in The Power
and the Glory?
(b) Comment on the role of Captain Fellows.
(c) Show your acquaintance with Brigia.
(d) Comment on the irony in the novel
8. (a) Discuss the signicance of the Church in the novel The Power and the Glory
(b) Give a pen portrait of Jefe or the Police Chief.
(c) Comment on the role of Maria.
(d) Jusfy the tle of the novel.
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GNDU ANSWER PAPERS 2021
BA/BSc 6
th
SEMESTER
ENGLISH (Elecve)
(Modern English Novel)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Aempt Five quesons in all, selecng at least One queson from each secon. The
Fih queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks.
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) The Romanc Revival
(b) The Poets of the First World War
(c) Style
(d) Write a detailed note on the Metaphysical School of Poets.
Ans: (a) The Romantic Revival
The Romantic Revival was a powerful literary movement that began in England towards the
end of the 18th century. It emerged as a reaction against the strict rules, logic, and formal
style of the Neo-Classical age. Earlier writers focused heavily on reason, order, and tradition,
but the Romantic poets wanted freedom—freedom of thought, emotion, imagination, and
expression.
At the heart of Romanticism was the belief that feelings are just as important as logic.
Romantic writers celebrated nature, considering it a source of beauty, truth, and spiritual
healing. Instead of writing about kings and courts, they turned their attention to common
people, rural life, and the natural world.
One major reason behind the Romantic Revival was the impact of the French Revolution
(1789), which promoted ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. These ideas inspired
writers to challenge old traditions and explore new ways of thinking.
Some of the most important Romantic poets include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, Lord Byron, P. B. Shelley, and John Keats. Wordsworth believed poetry should
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use the language of ordinary people and focus on everyday experiences. Keats, on the other
hand, is remembered for his deep love of beauty and art.
In short, the Romantic Revival brought warmth, imagination, and emotional depth back into
literature. It reminded readers that poetry is not just about rules—it is about the human
heart.
(b) The Poets of the First World War
The First World War (1914–1918) was one of the most tragic events in human history.
Millions of soldiers lost their lives, and this suffering deeply influenced the poets who
experienced the war firsthand.
At the beginning, many people believed the war would bring honor and glory. Early war
poems were patriotic and encouraged young men to fight for their country. However, as the
reality of war became clear—with its mud-filled trenches, constant fear, and horrifying
deaths—the tone of poetry changed dramatically.
War poets began writing about the true face of war, exposing its brutality rather than
glorifying it.
• Rupert Brooke wrote idealistic poems and saw war as noble sacrifice.
• Wilfred Owen showed the pity and pain of soldiers. His famous idea was that “the
poetry is in the pity.”
• Siegfried Sassoon openly criticized the government and military leaders for sending
young men to die.
These poets used simple yet powerful language so readers could feel the soldiers’ terror and
helplessness. Their poetry helped people understand that war is not heroic—it is deeply
tragic.
Today, First World War poetry is valued not only for its literary beauty but also for its
honesty and emotional power.
(c) Style
In literature, style refers to the unique way a writer expresses thoughts through words. Just
as every person has a different personality, every writer has a distinct style.
Style includes several elements:
• Choice of words (diction)
• Sentence structure
• Use of imagery and figures of speech
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• Tone and mood
For example, some writers use simple and direct language so everyone can understand
them easily. Others prefer rich, descriptive language filled with metaphors and symbolism.
Style is important because it shapes the reader’s experience. A suspenseful style keeps us
on the edge of our seats, while a poetic style may fill us with emotion.
We can think of style as the writer’s “voice.” Even if two authors describe the same sunset,
their styles will make the descriptions feel completely different.
Great writers develop a style that matches their purpose. Romantic poets used emotional
and imaginative language, while war poets preferred realism and clarity.
Thus, style is not just how something is written—it is what makes writing memorable.
(d) The Metaphysical School of Poets
The Metaphysical School of Poets was a group of 17th-century English poets known for their
intellectual and thought-provoking poetry. The term “metaphysical” was later given by the
critic Samuel Johnson, who noticed that these poets loved exploring deep philosophical
questions about life, love, religion, and existence.
The most important poet of this school was John Donne, often considered its founder.
Other notable poets include George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, and Henry Vaughan.
What made these poets different was their unusual style. Instead of writing simple love
poems, they combined emotion with logic. Their poetry often feels like a clever argument
where the poet tries to persuade the reader.
One of their key features was the use of the “metaphysical conceit.” This is an extended
and surprising comparison between two very different things. For example, in one poem,
Donne compares two lovers to the two legs of a compass—though separated, they remain
connected.
Another important characteristic was wit, meaning intelligent humor and clever wordplay.
Their poems challenge the reader to think deeply rather than just enjoy the sound of the
words.
Religion also played a major role in metaphysical poetry. Many poems reflect the struggle
between faith and doubt, the body and the soul, or worldly pleasures and spiritual goals.
At first, some readers found these poems difficult because they demand concentration. But
over time, critics recognized their brilliance. Today, metaphysical poetry is admired for its
originality, depth, and ability to connect intense feelings with sharp reasoning.
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2. (a) Write a detailed note on the Poets of the Second World War.
(b) Write a short note on the Oava Rima.
(c) Write a short note on Post-modernism.
(d) Write a short note on the Classical Movement.
Ans: (a) Poets of the Second World War
The Second World War (1939–1945) was not just a battle fought with guns and tanks—it
was also a battle of emotions, fears, and hopes. Poets of this era captured the human side
of war: the pain of soldiers, the destruction of cities, and the longing for peace.
Some important poets include:
• Keith Douglas: Known for his realistic war poetry. He wrote about the harshness of
battle without romanticizing it. His poems like Vergissmeinnicht show the brutal
truth of war.
• Alun Lewis: His poetry reflected loneliness, love, and the emotional struggles of
soldiers far from home.
• Henry Reed: Famous for Lessons of the War, which humorously yet critically
described military training.
• Randall Jarrell (American poet): His poem The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner is a
powerful depiction of a soldier’s tragic fate.
These poets didn’t glorify war. Instead, they revealed its human cost—fear, death, and the
longing for peace. Their works remind us that war is not just about victory but also about
suffering.
(b) Ottava Rima
Now let’s move to a poetic form. Ottava Rima is a special stanza pattern used in poetry.
• It originated in Italy and was popularized by poets like Giovanni Boccaccio.
• It consists of eight lines (octave), usually written in iambic pentameter.
• The rhyme scheme is ABABABCC.
In simple words, it’s like a musical rhythm where the first six lines alternate rhymes, and the
last two lines form a couplet.
Example: Lord Byron used Ottava Rima in his famous satirical poem Don Juan. The form
allowed him to mix serious storytelling with humor and wit.
So, Ottava Rima is not just a structure—it’s a way of balancing storytelling with lyrical
beauty.
(c) Post-modernism
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Post-modernism is a literary and cultural movement that emerged in the mid-20th century,
after modernism.
• Modernism was about order, structure, and searching for meaning in a chaotic
world.
• Post-modernism, on the other hand, questioned whether there is any fixed meaning
at all.
Key features of post-modernism:
• Playfulness: Writers often mix serious themes with humor or irony.
• Fragmentation: Stories may not follow a clear beginning, middle, and end.
• Intertextuality: Texts often reference or borrow from other works.
• Questioning truth: Post-modernism suggests that truth is subjective, not absolute.
Examples: Writers like Thomas Pynchon, Salman Rushdie, and Margaret Atwood used post-
modern techniques. In literature, it feels like a kaleidoscope—colorful, fragmented, and
open to many interpretations.
Post-modernism teaches us that literature doesn’t always have to give answers; sometimes,
it’s about raising questions.
(d) The Classical Movement
The Classical Movement in literature refers to a return to the ideals of ancient Greek and
Roman art and culture.
• It emphasized order, balance, harmony, and reason.
• Writers believed literature should be clear, logical, and morally instructive.
• It often rejected excessive emotion or imagination, focusing instead on discipline and
structure.
Example: In English literature, the 18th century saw a classical revival. Poets like Alexander
Pope followed classical ideals, writing in heroic couplets and stressing reason and wit.
The Classical Movement reminds us that literature can be like architecture—well-structured,
balanced, and built on strong foundations.
Final Thought
This question takes us on a journey through different aspects of literature:
• The poets of the Second World War showed the human cost of conflict.
• Ottava Rima gave poetry a rhythmic, elegant form.
• Post-modernism challenged traditional ideas and embraced playfulness.
• The Classical Movement reminded writers of discipline, balance, and reason.
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Together, these topics show how literature evolves with time—sometimes reflecting pain,
sometimes experimenting with form, and sometimes returning to tradition.
3. (a) Trace the origin of the English Drama.
(b) Autobiography
(c) Biography
(d) Shakespeare's English Historical Plays
Ans: (a) Origin of English Drama
The story of English drama is as fascinating as the plays themselves. Imagine a time when
there were no cinemas, televisions, or mobile phones. People depended on live
performances for entertainment, education, and even religious learning. English drama was
born in such an environment.
The origin of English drama can be traced back to the medieval period, especially inside
churches. During the early Middle Ages, most people could not read Latin, the language
used in religious texts. To help common people understand stories from the Bible, priests
began to perform short dramatic scenes during church services. These performances were
called Liturgical Plays because they were part of the church liturgy (worship rituals).
Over time, these plays became more elaborate. They were no longer limited to the church
building and started being performed in open spaces so that larger audiences could watch
them. This gave rise to two important types of religious plays:
Mystery Plays:
These plays presented stories from the Bible, such as the creation of the world, the life of
Christ, and the Last Judgment. They were often organized by craft guilds—groups of workers
like bakers or carpenters—who took pride in staging them.
Miracle Plays:
These focused on the lives and miracles of saints. They showed how faith could overcome
evil and difficulties.
Soon, writers wanted to explore not just religious themes but also human behavior. This led
to the creation of Morality Plays, where characters represented qualities like Goodness,
Greed, Knowledge, and Death. One famous example is Everyman, which teaches that good
deeds are the only things that accompany a person after death.
As England moved toward the Renaissance, drama began to shift from purely religious
topics to more human and realistic themes. Permanent theatres were built, and
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professional actors emerged. Playwrights started experimenting with comedy, tragedy, and
history.
This transformation reached its peak during the Elizabethan Age, often called the golden
age of English drama. Writers like Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare brought
deep emotions, poetic language, and complex characters to the stage. Drama was no longer
just a teaching tool—it became a powerful form of art that reflected life itself.
Thus, English drama evolved from simple church performances into a rich theatrical
tradition that continues to influence modern theatre and cinema.
(b) Autobiography
An autobiography is the story of a person’s life written by the person themselves. Think of it
as someone sitting beside you and narrating their journey—from childhood memories to
struggles, achievements, failures, and dreams.
The word itself explains the concept:
• Auto means self
• Bio means life
• Graphy means writing
So, autobiography literally means “self-life-writing.”
One of the most important features of an autobiography is authenticity. Since the writer is
describing their own experiences, the emotions feel real and personal. Readers get a chance
to look inside the writer’s thoughts and understand how certain events shaped their
personality.
Autobiographies often include:
• Early life and family background
• Education
• Challenges and turning points
• Major achievements
• Lessons learned
People write autobiographies for many reasons. Some want to inspire others, some want to
share historical experiences, and others simply wish to reflect on their lives.
For example, The Story of My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi is not just a life
story—it is a record of his moral and spiritual journey. Such works teach readers about
courage, honesty, and perseverance.
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In short, an autobiography is more than a timeline of events; it is a window into a person’s
soul.
(c) Biography
While an autobiography is written by the person themselves, a biography is written by
someone else. It is the detailed account of another person’s life.
A biographer usually studies letters, diaries, historical records, and interviews to present an
accurate picture of the subject. Because it is written from an external perspective, a
biography can sometimes be more objective than an autobiography.
Biographies help us understand great personalities and the times they lived in. They answer
questions such as:
• What challenges did the person face?
• What made them successful?
• How did they influence society?
For students, biographies are especially valuable because they provide real-life role models.
Reading about scientists, leaders, writers, or social reformers can motivate young minds to
pursue their goals.
However, writing a good biography requires balance. The writer must avoid exaggeration
and present both strengths and weaknesses honestly. Only then does the life story feel
believable and meaningful.
In simple terms, if autobiography is a mirror held by the person themselves, biography is a
portrait painted by another observer.
(d) Shakespeare’s English Historical Plays
When we talk about English drama, it is impossible to ignore William Shakespeare, one of
the greatest playwrights in the world. Among his many works, his historical plays hold a
special place.
These plays are based on the lives of English kings and important historical events. But
Shakespeare did not simply record history—he turned it into gripping drama filled with
ambition, betrayal, war, and political struggle.
Some of his famous historical plays include:
• Richard II
• Henry IV (Part 1 and Part 2)
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• Henry V
• Richard III
Through these works, Shakespeare explored the idea of kingship—what makes a good ruler
and what leads to a king’s downfall. For instance, Richard II shows how a weak king can lose
his throne, while Henry V presents an inspiring leader who unites his country.
Another important theme is power. Shakespeare demonstrates how the desire for power
can create conflict not only between nations but also within families.
What makes these plays remarkable is their relevance. Even today, readers can see parallels
between Shakespeare’s portrayal of politics and modern leadership struggles.
Moreover, Shakespeare blended historical facts with imaginative storytelling, making the
plays both educational and entertaining. Audiences learned about England’s past while
enjoying compelling drama.
In essence, Shakespeare’s historical plays remind us that history is not just about dates and
battles—it is about human choices, ambitions, and consequences.
Conclusion
From the humble beginnings of church performances to the grand theatres of the
Renaissance, English drama has traveled a long and inspiring journey. Alongside this
tradition, forms of life writing such as autobiography and biography help us understand
human experiences in deeply personal ways. Meanwhile, Shakespeare’s historical plays
connect literature with history, showing how stories from the past continue to shape our
understanding of leadership and society.
4.(a) Write a detailed note on Shakespearean Comedy.
(b) Write a short note on Shakespeare's Roman Plays.
(c) Write a short note on Shakespeare's Tragedy
(d) Write a short note on Shakespearean Romance
Ans: (a) Detailed Note on Shakespearean Comedy
When we hear the word comedy, we usually think of laughter, jokes, and happy moments.
Shakespearean comedy certainly includes humor, but it is much more than that. In
Shakespeare’s plays, comedy is about celebrating life, love, and human relationships. These
plays usually begin with some kind of problem—misunderstandings between lovers, family
conflicts, mistaken identities, or social restrictions—but they almost always end happily,
often with marriages or reunions.
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One of the most important features of Shakespearean comedy is the theme of love. Love is
rarely simple in these plays. Characters fall in love quickly, face obstacles, disguise
themselves, or even fall for the “wrong” person before everything is sorted out. For
example, in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, magical interference causes lovers to switch
affections, creating confusion and humor. Eventually, harmony is restored, showing that
love can survive chaos.
Another key element is mistaken identity and disguise. Shakespeare loved using this
technique because it created funny and sometimes emotional situations. In Twelfth Night, a
woman disguises herself as a man, which leads to a complicated love triangle. These
misunderstandings remind us how easily humans can be confused by appearances.
Shakespearean comedies also often take place in imaginary or distant settings—enchanted
forests, peaceful islands, or foreign courts. These settings allow characters to escape strict
social rules. Away from their usual world, they can discover their true feelings and identities.
Once they return, they are wiser and ready to live happily.
Humor in these plays comes from many sources: clever wordplay, jokes, silly characters, and
even serious people behaving foolishly. Shakespeare used both intellectual humor and
physical comedy so that everyone—from scholars to common audiences—could enjoy the
performance.
Another important message in Shakespearean comedy is forgiveness and reconciliation.
Characters who make mistakes are usually forgiven, and broken relationships are repaired.
Instead of punishment, the focus is on growth and understanding.
In short, Shakespearean comedy reflects optimism about human nature. It suggests that
while life is full of confusion and challenges, love, kindness, and patience can bring
happiness. These plays remind us to laugh at our mistakes and believe in the possibility of
joyful endings.
(b) Short Note on Shakespeare’s Roman Plays
Shakespeare’s Roman plays are based on the history and politics of ancient Rome. The three
most famous ones are Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. Unlike his
comedies, these plays focus on power, leadership, betrayal, and honor.
A central theme in these plays is the conflict between personal loyalty and public duty. In
Julius Caesar, Brutus joins a conspiracy against Caesar because he believes it is best for
Rome—even though he loves Caesar as a friend. This creates a tragic moral struggle.
Another major feature is political drama. Shakespeare explores how ambition can shape a
leader and sometimes destroy them. The characters are strong, passionate, and often torn
between emotion and responsibility.
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What makes the Roman plays special is their realism. There is less fantasy and more
attention to human psychology and political tension. Through these stories, Shakespeare
invites us to think about the nature of leadership and the cost of power.
(c) Short Note on Shakespeare’s Tragedy
Shakespearean tragedies are powerful stories about human suffering and downfall. These
plays usually revolve around a great hero—someone noble or respected—who is brought
down by a personal weakness, often called a tragic flaw.
For example, Hamlet struggles with indecision, Macbeth is consumed by ambition, and
Othello is destroyed by jealousy. These flaws make the characters relatable because they
reflect real human emotions.
Another important element is fate combined with personal choice. While circumstances
influence events, the hero’s decisions ultimately lead to disaster. As the story progresses,
tension builds until it ends in loss—often with multiple deaths.
Despite their sadness, these tragedies teach valuable lessons. They warn us about the
dangers of unchecked emotions and remind us that even great people are not perfect. At
the same time, they create a deep emotional experience, allowing the audience to feel pity
and fear, and eventually a sense of understanding.
(d) Short Note on Shakespearean Romance
Shakespearean romances are unique because they combine elements of both tragedy and
comedy. These plays usually begin with suffering—family separations, betrayal, or
jealousy—but move toward forgiveness and reunion.
Famous examples include The Tempest and The Winter’s Tale. In these stories, time plays an
important role. Years may pass before families are reunited and mistakes are healed.
Romances often include magical or supernatural elements. Storms, mysterious islands, and
divine interventions help guide the characters toward reconciliation. Unlike tragedies, the
focus is not on destruction but on second chances.
A strong theme in these plays is redemption. Characters learn from their errors, seek
forgiveness, and rebuild relationships. This gives the audience a sense of hope and
emotional satisfaction.
In many ways, Shakespearean romance reflects a mature understanding of life—that pain is
unavoidable, but healing is possible.
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Conclusion
Shakespeare’s works remain timeless because they explore every side of human experience.
His comedies celebrate joy and love, the Roman plays examine political power, tragedies
reveal the consequences of human flaws, and romances offer hope through forgiveness.
Together, they show Shakespeare’s extraordinary ability to understand the human heart.
5. (a) How far is it correct to say that the novel So Many Hungers deals with the issue of
man's inhumanity to man?
(b) Show your acquaintance with Raboul
(c) Write a character sketch of Monju
(d) Comment on the ending of the novel
Ans: sue of man's inhumanity to man?
The Bengal famine was not caused only by nature—it was worsened by human greed and
exploitation. Traders hoarded food, prices skyrocketed, and poor villagers starved while the
wealthy grew richer.
Bhattacharya shows this “inhumanity” through characters and events:
• Greedy profiteers exploited scarcity, selling rice at high prices while people died of
hunger.
• Social inequality became sharper—rich families wasted food while poor families
begged for a handful of rice.
• War profiteering revealed how some people used tragedy for personal gain.
Thus, the novel strongly reflects the theme of man’s cruelty to fellow humans. It is correct
to say that So Many Hungers is a study of how selfishness and greed can destroy humanity.
(b) Acquaintance with Raboul
Raboul is one of the important characters in the novel. He represents the common man’s
suffering during the famine.
• He is a poor villager who struggles to survive.
• His life reflects the helplessness of peasants who had no control over food prices or
political decisions.
• Through Raboul, Bhattacharya shows the dignity of ordinary people even in the face
of hunger and exploitation.
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Raboul’s character makes the tragedy of famine more personal and relatable. He is not just
a victim—he is a symbol of resilience and humanity.
(c) Character Sketch of Monju
Monju is another significant character in the novel. She represents the educated,
progressive woman of modern India.
• She is intelligent, courageous, and socially aware.
• Unlike traditional women, she takes active interest in social issues and stands against
injustice.
• She symbolizes hope and change, showing that women can play a strong role in
shaping society.
Monju’s character adds depth to the novel. She is not only a witness to suffering but also a
voice of resistance and compassion.
(d) Comment on the Ending of the Novel
The ending of So Many Hungers is both tragic and hopeful.
• Tragic, because the famine leaves behind countless deaths and suffering.
• Hopeful, because characters like Monju and others represent resilience, courage,
and the possibility of a better future.
Bhattacharya does not give a “happy ending,” but he leaves readers with a sense of moral
awakening. The novel ends by reminding us that humanity must learn from its mistakes and
build a more compassionate society.
Final Thought
So Many Hungers is not just a story about famine—it is a mirror of society’s cruelty and
compassion.
• It shows man’s inhumanity to man through greed and exploitation.
• Characters like Raboul and Monju bring the tragedy to life, each symbolizing
suffering and hope.
• The ending leaves us with a moral lesson: hunger is not only physical but also
spiritual, and society must fight against injustice to preserve humanity.
In simple words, Bhattacharya’s novel is a cry against cruelty and a call for compassion. It
makes us realize that in times of crisis, the true test of humanity is how we treat one
another.
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6. (a) Comment on the role of Abla Bandhu in So Many Hungers.
(b) Draw a character sketch of Devata in So Many Hungers.
(c) Discuss the character of Kajoli's mother.
(d) How does the novelist account for the famine in Bengal.
Ans: Introduction
So Many Hungers! is a powerful social novel that presents the tragic reality of the Bengal
famine of 1943 while also highlighting the moral and emotional struggles of ordinary
people. The title itself suggests that hunger is not only about food—it also represents
hunger for freedom, dignity, love, justice, and humanity. Through memorable characters like
Abala (Abla) Bandhu, Devata, and Kajoli’s mother, the novelist shows how people respond
differently in times of crisis. Some rise with courage and compassion, while others fall into
greed and selfishness.
Let us understand each part in a clear and interesting way.
(a) Role of Abala Bandhu in So Many Hungers!
Abala Bandhu is one of the most inspiring characters in the novel. His name itself is
symbolic—“Abala” means weak, and “Bandhu” means friend. Thus, he is literally a “friend of
the weak.” True to his name, he dedicates his life to helping poor and suffering people.
He is deeply influenced by Gandhian principles such as truth, non-violence, simplicity, and
service to humanity. Instead of living a comfortable life, he chooses to work among villagers
and guide them toward self-reliance. He believes that India can become strong only when
its villages become strong.
During the famine, when thousands of people are starving, Abala Bandhu does not run away
from danger. Rather, he steps forward to help. He organizes relief work, encourages people
to share whatever little food they have, and tries to create awareness about the unfair
systems that caused such suffering.
Another important aspect of his character is that he represents moral courage. In a time
when many traders hoard food to earn huge profits, he strongly criticizes such selfish
behavior. He reminds society that making money from others’ misery is inhuman.
Abala Bandhu also serves as a guiding light for younger characters. His thoughts and actions
inspire them to think beyond personal comfort and work for the greater good. Through him,
the novelist suggests that even in the darkest times, hope survives in the hearts of
compassionate individuals.
In short, Abala Bandhu symbolizes humanity, sacrifice, and social responsibility. He shows
that one person’s dedication can make a difference, even during a catastrophe like famine.
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(b) Character Sketch of Devata
Devata is another remarkable character whose presence adds emotional depth to the novel.
The word “Devata” means “godlike,” and he truly lives up to this name through his noble
personality.
He is Kajoli’s grandfather, a wise and spiritually strong old man. Unlike many elderly people
who become bitter with age, Devata remains calm, thoughtful, and compassionate. He
believes in simple living and high thinking.
One of his most admirable qualities is his inner strength. Even when famine strikes and
survival becomes difficult, he does not lose faith in human goodness. He teaches his family
the importance of dignity and self-respect. For him, begging is not an option; maintaining
honor is more important than mere survival.
Devata is also closely connected with nature. He loves the soil and respects the traditional
rural way of life. This connection reflects the novelist’s message that harmony with nature is
essential for human well-being.
His character also represents traditional Indian values—patience, wisdom, spirituality, and
resilience. When his family faces hardship, he becomes their emotional anchor. His calm
attitude prevents panic and gives them the courage to face their problems.
At a symbolic level, Devata stands for the moral conscience of society. While the world
around him seems to collapse due to greed and injustice, he reminds readers that values
like kindness and integrity should never be abandoned.
Thus, Devata is not just an old man in the story; he is a symbol of enduring wisdom and
moral strength.
(c) Character of Kajoli’s Mother
Kajoli’s mother is one of the most touching figures in the novel because she represents the
silent suffering and strength of countless rural women.
At the beginning, she appears as a typical village housewife—caring, hardworking, and
completely devoted to her family. Her life revolves around cooking, managing the
household, and ensuring that her children are safe and happy.
However, the famine changes everything.
As food becomes scarce, she faces an unbearable situation: how to feed her family when
there is nothing left to cook. Watching her children go hungry breaks her heart, yet she does
not give up easily. She tries every possible way to protect them.
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Her greatest quality is motherly sacrifice. Like many mothers, she is ready to stay hungry so
that her children can eat. She suppresses her own pain and fear to keep them hopeful.
But the famine is cruel. It pushes people beyond their limits. Kajoli’s mother is forced to
make painful decisions that no parent should ever have to make. Through her suffering, the
novelist shows how disasters affect women most deeply—they carry the emotional burden
of the entire family.
Despite her hardships, she never completely loses her humanity. Her love remains strong,
proving that even extreme poverty cannot destroy the bond between a mother and her
children.
Kajoli’s mother therefore symbolizes courage, endurance, and unconditional love. She
reminds readers that true heroism often exists in ordinary people who struggle quietly
without recognition.
(d) How the Novelist Accounts for the Bengal Famine
One of the most important themes of So Many Hungers! is the Bengal famine. Instead of
presenting it as a natural disaster, the novelist clearly suggests that it was largely man-
made.
Several factors contributed to the tragedy:
1. Greed and Hoarding:
Many traders and businessmen stored huge quantities of rice to sell later at higher prices.
This artificial shortage made food unaffordable for the poor.
2. War Conditions:
World War II disrupted transportation and supply systems. Much of the food was diverted
for military use, leaving civilians helpless.
3. Government Mismanagement:
The authorities failed to control prices or distribute food properly. Their slow response
worsened the crisis.
4. Social Inequality:
The rich continued to live comfortably while the poor starved. This contrast highlights the
injustice present in society.
Bhattacharya describes heartbreaking scenes—hungry people begging on the streets,
children reduced to skeletons, and families breaking apart. These images force readers to
confront the harsh reality of famine.
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However, the novelist does more than describe suffering; he questions the moral failure
behind it. He suggests that when society becomes driven only by profit, compassion
disappears—and tragedies like famine become inevitable.
At the same time, the novel also shows acts of kindness and solidarity. Some people share
their food and risk their lives to help others. This balance between cruelty and compassion
reinforces the idea that humanity still survives, even in terrible times.
Conclusion
So Many Hungers! is not just a story about famine—it is a reflection on human nature.
Through characters like Abala Bandhu, Devata, and Kajoli’s mother, Bhabani Bhattacharya
presents different responses to suffering: service, wisdom, sacrifice, and resilience.
Abala Bandhu teaches us the importance of helping others. Devata reminds us to hold on to
values even during hardship. Kajoli’s mother shows the unmatched strength of a parent’s
love. Meanwhile, the depiction of the Bengal famine warns us about the dangers of greed
and social injustice.
7. (a) How far is it possible to regard the Whiskey Priest a martyr and saint in The Power
and the Glory?
(b) Comment on the role of Captain Fellows.
(c) Show your acquaintance with Brigia.
(d) Comment on the irony in the novel
Ans: (a) How far is it possible to regard the Whiskey Priest a martyr and saint?
The Whiskey Priest is the central character of the novel. He is not the ideal priest—he drinks
excessively, has fathered an illegitimate child, and often feels guilty about his failings. Yet,
despite his flaws, he continues to serve the people.
• Martyr: He risks his life to administer sacraments, hear confessions, and comfort the
poor. Even when he knows he is being hunted, he refuses to abandon his duty. In the
end, he chooses to return to a village to help a dying man, fully aware that it is a
trap. His death becomes an act of sacrifice, making him a martyr.
• Saint: Greene presents him as a paradox. Though sinful, his humility and compassion
make him saintly. He embodies the Christian idea that holiness is not about
perfection but about selfless love and sacrifice.
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So, while he is not a saint in the traditional sense, he is both martyr and saint in spirit—his
flaws make him human, but his sacrifice makes him holy.
(b) Comment on the role of Captain Fellows
Captain Fellows is an Englishman living in Mexico with his family. His role may seem small,
but it adds depth to the novel.
• He represents the ordinary outsider caught in political turmoil.
• He provides shelter to the priest at one point, showing compassion despite the risks.
• His character highlights the tension between neutrality and involvement—he does
not actively fight the government but cannot ignore human suffering.
Captain Fellows adds realism to the story, showing how even foreigners were affected by
the persecution of religion in Mexico. He is a reminder that compassion can exist even in
those not directly tied to the Church.
(c) Acquaintance with Brigitta
Brigitta is the illegitimate daughter of the Whiskey Priest. She is a crucial character because
she symbolizes both weakness and hope.
• She represents the priest’s human sin and failure.
• At the same time, she embodies innocence and the possibility of redemption.
• The priest feels deep guilt about her existence, yet his love for her shows his
humanity.
Through Brigitta, Greene emphasizes that even flawed individuals can love deeply, and that
love itself can be a path to grace. She reminds readers that holiness is not about being
flawless but about compassion and responsibility.
(d) Comment on the irony in the novel
Irony is one of the strongest features of The Power and the Glory. Greene uses it to highlight
contradictions in faith and society.
• The Priest’s Flaws: The man chosen to represent faith is weak, sinful, and alcoholic.
Yet, he becomes the true hero of the novel.
• Government’s Failure: The authorities try to destroy religion, but their persecution
only strengthens faith among the people.
• Martyrdom of a Sinner: The priest, who considers himself unworthy, dies a martyr’s
death, while the supposedly “good” priest who replaces him lacks his courage.
• Faith in Weakness: The irony lies in the fact that grace works through weakness, not
strength.
This irony makes the novel powerful. Greene shows that true holiness is found not in
perfection but in humility, sacrifice, and love.
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Final Thought
The Power and the Glory is a novel of contradictions:
• A sinful priest who becomes a saint.
• A persecuted church that grows stronger.
• A government that fails to crush faith.
The Whiskey Priest embodies martyrdom and saintliness through sacrifice. Captain Fellows
adds realism as a compassionate outsider. Brigitta symbolizes both guilt and love. And the
irony of the novel highlights Greene’s central message: holiness is found not in perfection
but in selfless love and courage.
8. (a) Discuss the signicance of the Church in the novel The Power and the Glory
(b) Give a pen portrait of Jefe or the Police Chief.
(c) Comment on the role of Maria.
(d) Jusfy the tle of the novel.
Ans: Introduction to the Novel
The Power and the Glory is a famous novel written by Graham Greene. It is set in Mexico
during a time when the government was strongly against the Catholic Church. Priests were
hunted, churches were closed, and practicing religion was considered a crime.
At the center of the story is the unnamed priest, often called the “whisky priest” because of
his weakness for alcohol. Though he is not a perfect man, he continues to perform his
religious duties even when his life is in danger. Through this character, Greene explores
themes like faith, sin, redemption, courage, and the true meaning of religion.
Let us now discuss each question in detail.
(a) Significance of the Church in the Novel
The Church plays a very important role in The Power and the Glory. It is not just a building or
an institution — it represents hope, faith, and spiritual survival for the people.
First, the Church symbolizes moral strength. Even though the government tries to destroy
religion, it cannot destroy the belief people carry in their hearts. Villagers secretly help the
priest because they believe their spiritual life is more important than the fear of
punishment.
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Second, the Church highlights the conflict between material power and spiritual power.
The government has guns, prisons, and authority — this is “power.” But the Church
represents “glory,” meaning the lasting strength of faith. Greene suggests that political
power may control bodies, but it cannot control souls.
Another important point is that the Church is shown through a very human priest, not a
perfect saint. The whisky priest drinks alcohol, has fathered a child, and often feels afraid.
Yet he refuses to abandon his calling. This shows Greene’s message:
Holiness does not mean being flawless; it means continuing to serve others despite
personal weaknesses.
The Church also provides comfort during suffering. People living under harsh rule find
peace in confession and prayer. Religion becomes their emotional support when everything
else is taken away.
Finally, the Church represents sacrifice. The priest knows that if he is caught, he will be
executed. Still, he returns to hear the confession of a dying criminal. This act proves that the
Church’s duty is compassion, even toward sinners.
So, the significance of the Church lies in its role as a symbol of faith that survives oppression,
reminding readers that spiritual truth is stronger than political force.
(b) Pen Portrait of Jefe (The Police Chief)
Jefe, the police chief, is one of the most interesting characters in the novel. At first glance,
he appears to be a strict officer determined to eliminate priests from his region.
He represents the government’s ideology — practical, disciplined, and anti-religion. Jefe
believes that the Church keeps people poor and uneducated. From his perspective,
removing priests is necessary to build a modern society.
However, Greene does not portray him as purely cruel. Instead, Jefe is a complex and
thoughtful character.
• He is disciplined and serious about his duty.
• He believes he is working for the greater good.
• He respects honesty and courage, even in his enemies.
There is a moment in the novel where Jefe expresses admiration for an ideal priest —
someone brave, selfless, and ready to sacrifice himself. Ironically, the whisky priest actually
matches this description, though Jefe does not fully realize it.
This creates dramatic irony:
The man Jefe is hunting is the very type of hero he secretly respects.
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Unlike the lieutenant (another officer who is more rigid and aggressive), Jefe shows human
understanding. He is not driven by hatred but by belief in progress.
In short, Jefe represents the clash between reason and faith. He stands for order and
modernization, while the priest stands for spirituality. Greene uses this contrast to show
that truth is rarely black and white — even opponents can possess admirable qualities.
(c) Role of Maria
Maria is the daughter of the whisky priest, and her role is emotionally powerful despite not
occupying a large portion of the novel.
She symbolizes the personal consequences of the priest’s sin. Because priests are expected
to remain celibate, Maria’s existence reminds us that the priest is not morally perfect.
Yet Maria is much more than a symbol of guilt.
When the priest meets her, he feels a deep sense of love and responsibility. For perhaps
the first time, readers see him not just as a religious figure but as a father. This humanizes
him and makes him relatable.
Maria also represents innocence. She does not fully understand the circumstances of her
birth or the danger surrounding her father. Her presence softens the priest’s character and
shows that even flawed people are capable of genuine love.
Importantly, Maria contributes to the novel’s theme of redemption. The priest’s affection
for her pushes him toward self-reflection. He begins to think less about his failures and
more about the good he can still do.
Through Maria, Greene delivers a powerful message:
A person’s mistakes do not erase their capacity for love or sacrifice.
Thus, Maria’s role is to deepen the emotional layer of the story and remind readers that
spiritual journeys are often tied to human relationships.
(d) Justification of the Title The Power and the Glory
The title of the novel is deeply meaningful and reflects its central themes.
“Power” refers to the authority of the state — the government that uses force to suppress
religion. Soldiers, prisons, and executions all symbolize this earthly power.
“Glory,” on the other hand, refers to the enduring strength of faith and moral courage. It is
not loud or violent but quietly persistent.
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Throughout the novel, Greene contrasts these two forces:
• The government has control over life and death.
• The priest possesses spiritual resilience.
Even when the priest is executed, the Church does not disappear. At the end of the novel,
another priest arrives, suggesting that faith cannot be destroyed.
This proves the deeper meaning of the title:
Political power is temporary, but spiritual glory is eternal.
The title also reflects the inner journey of the whisky priest. Though he begins as a weak and
fearful man, his final act — returning to help a dying sinner — transforms him into a figure
of heroism. His death becomes a moment of glory because it is driven by compassion and
duty.
So, the title captures the novel’s essential idea: true greatness lies not in authority but in
sacrifice and faith.
Conclusion
The Power and the Glory is not just a story about religion; it is a profound exploration of
human weakness and strength. Through the Church, Greene shows the endurance of faith.
Through Jefe, he presents the rational challenge to religion. Through Maria, he highlights
love and redemption. And through the title, he reminds us that spiritual courage outlasts
worldly power.
One of the most beautiful lessons from the novel is this:
A hero is not someone without flaws — it is someone who continues to do what is
right despite those flaws.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educaonal purposes. If you noce any
mistakes or have suggesons, feel free to share your feedback.”
